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<title>Modular constructivism</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Modular constructivism</span></span>

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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Modular constructivism</b> is a style of <a href="Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a> that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s and was associated especially with <a href="Erwin_Hauer" title="Erwin Hauer">Erwin Hauer</a> and <a href="Norman_Carlberg" title="Norman Carlberg">Norman Carlberg</a>. It is based on carefully structured modules which allow for intricate and in some cases infinite patterns of repetition, sometimes used to create limitless, basically planar, screen-like formations, and sometimes employed to make more multidimensional structures. Designing these structures involves intensive study of the combinatorial possibilities of sometimes quite curvilinear and fluidly shaped modules, creating a seamless, quasi-organic unity that can be either rounded and self-enclosed, or open and potentially infinite. The latter designs have proved useful and attractive for use in eye-catching architectural walls and screens, often featuring complex patterns of undulating, tissue-like webbing, with apertures which transmit and filter light, while generating delicate patterns of shadow.

</p><p>Writing in <i>Architecture Week</i> (August 4, 2004), Hauer explains that "Continuity and potential infinity have been at the very center of my sculpture from early on." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.architectureweek.com/2004/0804/culture_2-2.html">[1]</a> Hauer made an extensive study of <a href="Biomorphism" title="Biomorphism">biomorphic</a> form, especially what he calls "saddle surfaces," which combine convex and concave curvature and thus allow for smooth self-combination, sometimes in multiple dimensions. Another inspiration is the sculpture of <a href="Henry_Moore" title="Henry Moore">Henry Moore</a>, with its fluid curves and porosity.

</p><p>Hauer's enthusiasm caught the imagination of his colleague at <a href="Yale" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale">Yale</a>, <a href="Norman_Carlberg" title="Norman Carlberg">Norman Carlberg</a>. Both were devoted students of the arch-formalist <a href="Josef_Albers" title="Josef Albers">Josef Albers</a>. Indeed, from the beginning, there was in this modular approach to sculpture an implicit <a href="Formalism_(art)" title="Formalism (art)">formalism</a> and even <a href="Minimalism" title="Minimalism">minimalism</a> which held itself aloof from some of the other artistic trends of the time, such as the <a href="Pop_art" title="Pop art">pop art</a> and <a href="Post-modernism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-modernism">post-modernism</a> that were just beginning to emerge. As Carlberg recalls, within his artistic circle "you analysed, you looked at something, but you looked at it formally just for what it was and the message was almost always out of it." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061006083202/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000160.html">[2]</a>

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<ul><li><a href="Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism (art)</a></li>

<li><a href="Serial_art" title="Serial art">Serial art</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<ul><li>Galerie Chalette. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/6027697&referer=brief_results"><i>Structured sculpture : December 1960-January 1961</i></a> (<a href="New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> : The Gallery, 1960) [exhibition catalogue] <a href="OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> 6027697</li>

<li>Carlberg, Norman. <i>Norman Carlberg : an exhibition of sculpture</i> [exhibition catalogue] (Exhibition of sculpture : Norman Carlberg : presented by the Pennsylvania State University College of Arts and Architecture, November 5-November 29, 1966) <a href="OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> 81988058; <a href="OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> 82275454 (Worldcat links: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/81988058?tab=details">[3]</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/82275454?tab=details">[4]</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/77954741&referer=brief_results">[5]</a>)</li>

<li>Hauer, Erwin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/56436200&referer=brief_results"><i>Erwin Hauer : Continua - architectural screens and walls by Erwin Hauer</i></a> (New York : Princeton Architectural; London : Hi Marketing, 2004) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">

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</style><a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-56898-455-3</bdi></li>

<li>Montpelier Cultural Arts Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/49254937&referer=brief_results">Sculpture 2000 : the twentieth anniversary of the Montpelier invitational sculpture exhibition, Montpelier Cultural Arts Center, June 8 - August 18, 2000</a> [exhibition catalogue] (Maryland : Montpelier Cultural Arts Center, 2000) <a href="OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> 49254937</li>

<li><a href="Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a> (New York, N.Y.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/1097018&referer=brief_results"><i>Recent sculpture U.S.A. Sponsored by the Junior Council of the Museum of Modern Art</i></a> (New York, 1959) OCLC 1097018</li>

<li>Philadelphia Museum College of Art; Paul Darrow; Ed Rossbach; Walter Reinsel; <a href="Antonio_Frasconi" title="Antonio Frasconi">Antonio Frasconi</a>; Herb Lubalin; <a href="Helen_Borten" title="Helen Borten">Helen Borten</a>; Henry Mitchell; Erwin Hauer; John Mason; <a href="Lenore_Tawney" title="Lenore Tawney">Lenore Tawney</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/oclc/49120005&referer=brief_results"><i>Directors' choice : an exhibition at the Philadelphia Museum College of Art, Broad and Pine Streets, January 14 through February 7, 1961</i></a> (<a href="Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, Pa. : [Philadelphia Museum College of Art], 1961) <a href="OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> 49120005</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erwinhauerstudios.com/pages/intro.html">Erwin Hauer Studios homepage, with Hauer bio</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newartsgallery.com/Artist_Ind/erwin/erwin.htm">New Arts Gallery information on Erwin Hauer including <b>COLOR IMAGES</b></a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.architonic.com/cat/fam/3101037/1">Information on Erwin Hauer Studios from architonic.com</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.architectureweek.com/2004/0804/culture_2-1.html">Article: "Screens to Infinity", by Erwin Hauer</a>, <i>Architecture Week</i>, (4 August 2004)</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seidler.net.au/projects/023b.html"><b>COLOR IMAGES</b> of large modular sculpture by Carlberg </a> at Riverside Centre, built by <a href="Harry_Seidler" title="Harry Seidler">Harry Seidler</a> and Associates in <a href="Brisbane%2C_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brisbane, Australia">Brisbane</a>, <a href="Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061006083202/http://www.marylandartsource.org/artists/detail_000000160.html">Marylandartsource.com</a> page on Norman Carlberg, including some comment by the artist on the modular constructivist style</li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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